Research and Development Process for Drugs

At present, the cost of Research & Development for a medicine can exceed upto USD 2.6 billion[1]compared to USD 179 million in 1970s[2]
Here are the steps of Research and Development Process
R&D1
R&D2
R&D3
References:

  1. DiMasi, J. A.; Grabowskib, H. G.; Hansenc, R. W. (2016) Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry: New Estimates of R&D Costs. Journal of Health Economics. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2016.01.012
  2. PhRMA (2016) 2016 Biopharmaceutical Research Industry Profile. Washington DC: Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, p 47. http://phrma.org/sites/default/files/pdf/biopharmaceutical-industry-profile.pdf/

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